VARRIED FLOW: Flow that had a changing depth along the water course. The variation is with respect to location, not time.
VIBRATED CONCRETE: Concrete consolidated by vibration from an internal or external vibrator. It requires very much less water for effective placing than does concrete compacted by punning, therefore it is much stronger. The formwork, however, must also be stronger when the concrete is to be vibrated. Concrete in hollow-tile floors is not vibrated.
VIBRATOR: A tool which vibrates at a speed form 3,000 to 10,000 rpm and is inserted into wet concrete or applied to the formwork to compact the concrete. Concrete vibrators are of six types:
A) For precast work:
(1) Platform vibrators, small vibrators carried by one or two men moving up and down a pile or lamp post.
(2) Table vibrators, which may vibrate vertically for heavy work or with rotary movement for light pieces.
B) For concrete cast in place:
(3) Internal vibrators are the best known type.
(4) External vibrators are used more in the factory than on the site because of the extra strength required for the formwork. External vibrators are also used for road slabs.
(5) A hand screed 12 feet long requires one vibrator, for greater lengths two vibrators are fixed on the screed.
C) For very large capacities:
(6) Concrete-vibrating machines are used.
Vibrators are also used for the compaction of loose soils.
(W)
WARPING: Deviation of pavement surface from original profile caused by temperature and moisture differentials.
WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE: Potable water used by the public (Home-use).
WORK: The product of a force and the distance through which it moves. It is to be distinguished from energy and from power which is a rate of doing work. Energy can, however, be expressed in the same units as work, and often is.
WORK ON ENGINEERING CONTRACTS: Work here shall mean the furnishing of all labor, materials, equipment and other incidentals necessary or convenient to the sucessful completion of the project and the carrying out of all the duties and the obligations imposed by the contract.
WEEPHOLE: A hole to allow water to escape from behind a retaining wall and thus to reduce the pressure behind it.
WORKABILITY: The ease with which a concrete can be mixed, placed and finished. Wet concretes are workable but weak. Workability can be measured by the slump test, the compacting factor test, and by the V.-B. Consistometer test.
(37)
(X)
XYLEM: The botanical name for wood.
(Y)
YIELD OR BUCKLE: The permanent deformation which a metal piece undergo when it is stressed beyond its elastic limit.
(Z)
ZONING: Restrictions as to size or character of buildings permitted within specific areas, as established by urban authorities.
VIBRATED CONCRETE: Concrete consolidated by vibration from an internal or external vibrator. It requires very much less water for effective placing than does concrete compacted by punning, therefore it is much stronger. The formwork, however, must also be stronger when the concrete is to be vibrated. Concrete in hollow-tile floors is not vibrated.
VIBRATOR: A tool which vibrates at a speed form 3,000 to 10,000 rpm and is inserted into wet concrete or applied to the formwork to compact the concrete. Concrete vibrators are of six types:
A) For precast work:
(1) Platform vibrators, small vibrators carried by one or two men moving up and down a pile or lamp post.
(2) Table vibrators, which may vibrate vertically for heavy work or with rotary movement for light pieces.
B) For concrete cast in place:
(3) Internal vibrators are the best known type.
(4) External vibrators are used more in the factory than on the site because of the extra strength required for the formwork. External vibrators are also used for road slabs.
(5) A hand screed 12 feet long requires one vibrator, for greater lengths two vibrators are fixed on the screed.
C) For very large capacities:
(6) Concrete-vibrating machines are used.
Vibrators are also used for the compaction of loose soils.
(W)
WARPING: Deviation of pavement surface from original profile caused by temperature and moisture differentials.
WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE: Potable water used by the public (Home-use).
WORK: The product of a force and the distance through which it moves. It is to be distinguished from energy and from power which is a rate of doing work. Energy can, however, be expressed in the same units as work, and often is.
WORK ON ENGINEERING CONTRACTS: Work here shall mean the furnishing of all labor, materials, equipment and other incidentals necessary or convenient to the sucessful completion of the project and the carrying out of all the duties and the obligations imposed by the contract.
WEEPHOLE: A hole to allow water to escape from behind a retaining wall and thus to reduce the pressure behind it.
WORKABILITY: The ease with which a concrete can be mixed, placed and finished. Wet concretes are workable but weak. Workability can be measured by the slump test, the compacting factor test, and by the V.-B. Consistometer test.
(37)
(X)
XYLEM: The botanical name for wood.
(Y)
YIELD OR BUCKLE: The permanent deformation which a metal piece undergo when it is stressed beyond its elastic limit.
(Z)
ZONING: Restrictions as to size or character of buildings permitted within specific areas, as established by urban authorities.
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