⧪ MARSHES
: Low lying wetland; swamp.
⧪ MATERIALS:
Any substance specified for use in the construction of the project and its appurtenances.
⧪ MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY:
The dry density obtained by a stated amount of compaction of a soil at the optimum moisture content.
⧪ MEAN:
An arithmetic mean is an average in which all signs are taken as positive. In an algebraic mean the signs of the quantities are considered and the mean may be either positive or negative.
⧪ MEDIAN:
That portion of a divided highway separating the traveled ways for traffic in opposite directions including inside shoulders.
⧪ MEMBRANE:
A thin film or skin, such as the skin of a soap bubble or a waterproof skin.
⧪ MILLING:
(1) Removing a specified thickness of an existing pavement surface by grinding with a milling machine. (2) Removing metal shavings from a surface by pushing it on a moving table past a rotating toothed cutter.
⧪ MIST:
Very thin fog.
⧪ MOISTURE CONTENT:
The weight of water in a soil mass divided by the dry weight of the solids and multiplied by 100.
⧪ MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION:
Constructed as one piece.
⧪ MORTAR:
A paste of cement, sand, and water laid between bricks, blocks or stones.
⧪ MOVEMENT JOINTS IN CONCRETE:
Movement joints may be of five types, though it is possible for one to combine the properties of one or more others. They reduce or prevent cracking or buckling caused by temperature changes, shrinkage, creep, subsidence and so on.
Their location is important. Where possible, they should be placed at points where cracking (or buckling) might start. The five types of joints are: contraction, expansion, hinge or hinged joint, settlement and sliding joints.
⧪ MULCH:
Mixes of wet straw and leaf peat.
⧪ MUNICIPALITY:
City, town or county.
⧪ NEGATIVE MOMENT:
A condition of flexure (Bending) in which top fibers of a horizontally placed member (Beam), or external fibers of a vertically placed exterior member (Column), are subjected to tensile stresses.
⧪ NEOPRENE:
Synthetic rubber resistant to a chemical compound, oil, light, etc.
⧪ NEUTRAL SURFACE:
In a beam bent downwards, the line or surface of zero stress, below which all fibers are stressed in tension and above which they are compressed. The neutral axis passes through the center of the area of the section (Centroid) if it is of homogeneous material.
⧪ OFFSET:
A horizontal distance measured at right angles to a survey line to locate a point off an edge line.
⧪ OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT:
That moisture content of a soil at which a precise amount of compaction produces the highest dry density. It is particularly important to achieve this in soil stabilization before the road is completed. It is the percentage of moisture at which the greatest density of a particular soil can be obtained through compaction by a specified method.
⧪ OVERBURDEN:
The material of inferior quality which overlies material of desired quality and which must be removed to obtain the desired material quality.
⧪ OVERLAY:
One or more courses of asphaltic concrete layers placed over existing worn or cracked pavement.
: Low lying wetland; swamp.
⧪ MATERIALS:
Any substance specified for use in the construction of the project and its appurtenances.
⧪ MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY:
The dry density obtained by a stated amount of compaction of a soil at the optimum moisture content.
⧪ MEAN:
An arithmetic mean is an average in which all signs are taken as positive. In an algebraic mean the signs of the quantities are considered and the mean may be either positive or negative.
⧪ MEDIAN:
That portion of a divided highway separating the traveled ways for traffic in opposite directions including inside shoulders.
⧪ MEMBRANE:
A thin film or skin, such as the skin of a soap bubble or a waterproof skin.
⧪ MILLING:
(1) Removing a specified thickness of an existing pavement surface by grinding with a milling machine. (2) Removing metal shavings from a surface by pushing it on a moving table past a rotating toothed cutter.
⧪ MIST:
Very thin fog.
⧪ MOISTURE CONTENT:
The weight of water in a soil mass divided by the dry weight of the solids and multiplied by 100.
⧪ MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION:
Constructed as one piece.
⧪ MORTAR:
A paste of cement, sand, and water laid between bricks, blocks or stones.
⧪ MOVEMENT JOINTS IN CONCRETE:
Movement joints may be of five types, though it is possible for one to combine the properties of one or more others. They reduce or prevent cracking or buckling caused by temperature changes, shrinkage, creep, subsidence and so on.
Their location is important. Where possible, they should be placed at points where cracking (or buckling) might start. The five types of joints are: contraction, expansion, hinge or hinged joint, settlement and sliding joints.
⧪ MULCH:
Mixes of wet straw and leaf peat.
⧪ MUNICIPALITY:
City, town or county.
⧪ NEGATIVE MOMENT:
A condition of flexure (Bending) in which top fibers of a horizontally placed member (Beam), or external fibers of a vertically placed exterior member (Column), are subjected to tensile stresses.
⧪ NEOPRENE:
Synthetic rubber resistant to a chemical compound, oil, light, etc.
⧪ NEUTRAL SURFACE:
In a beam bent downwards, the line or surface of zero stress, below which all fibers are stressed in tension and above which they are compressed. The neutral axis passes through the center of the area of the section (Centroid) if it is of homogeneous material.
⧪ OFFSET:
A horizontal distance measured at right angles to a survey line to locate a point off an edge line.
⧪ OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT:
That moisture content of a soil at which a precise amount of compaction produces the highest dry density. It is particularly important to achieve this in soil stabilization before the road is completed. It is the percentage of moisture at which the greatest density of a particular soil can be obtained through compaction by a specified method.
⧪ OVERBURDEN:
The material of inferior quality which overlies material of desired quality and which must be removed to obtain the desired material quality.
⧪ OVERLAY:
One or more courses of asphaltic concrete layers placed over existing worn or cracked pavement.
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