⧪ LAITANCE:
A layer of weak and non-durable cement concrete caused by bleeding as a result of excessive vibration of concrete or over trowelling the mortar. It is weaker than the rest of the concrete and should be cut away and covered with a pure cement wash before laying more concrete on it.
⧪ LANDSLIP OR LANDSLIDE:
A sliding down of the soil on a slope because of an increase of loading (Due to rain, new building, etc.), or a removal of support at the foot due to cutting a railway or road or canal. Clays are particularly liable to slips.
⧪ LEAN CONCRETE BASE (LCB):
A mixture of aggregate, cement and water used directly under the concrete pavement. The mixture has a lower modulus of rupture than the concrete pavement, and a higher compressive strength than cement treated base.
⧪ LEDGE:
A horizontal projection or cut forming a shelf, cliff or rock wall.
⧪ LIME:
Calcium oxide (CaO).
⧪ LIQUID LIMIT:
The moisture content at the point between the liquid and the plastic states of a clay.
⧪ LIQUIDATED DAMAGES:
The amount prescribed in the contract specifications, to be paid to the State (Client) or to be deducted from any payments due or to become due to the Contractor, for each day's delay in completing the whole or any specified portion of the work beyond the time allowed in the contract specifications.
⧪ LLOYD DAVIES FORMULA:
A method for calculating the run-off, from which the sizes of sewers are calculated (Runoff water in cubic feet = 60.5 X area drained in acres X rainfall in inches per hour X impermeability factor).
⧪ LOESS:
Deposit of very porous and cavitated wind-blown silt and clay.
⧪ LONG COLUMN:
A column which fails when overloaded, by buckling rather than by crushing. In reinforced-concrete work, this is assumed to happen when columns which are longer than fifteen times their least dimension.
⧪ LONGITUDINAL JOINT:
A joint normally placed between traffic lanes in rigid pavements to control longitudinal cracking.
⧪ LOSS OF PRESTRESS:
Losses of prestressing force after transfer arise mainly through elastic shortening, shrinkage, and creep of the concrete and creep of the steel.
⧪ LOT:
An isolated quantity of material from a single source.
⧪ LUMINAIRE:
Complete lighting device for the highway.
A layer of weak and non-durable cement concrete caused by bleeding as a result of excessive vibration of concrete or over trowelling the mortar. It is weaker than the rest of the concrete and should be cut away and covered with a pure cement wash before laying more concrete on it.
⧪ LANDSLIP OR LANDSLIDE:
A sliding down of the soil on a slope because of an increase of loading (Due to rain, new building, etc.), or a removal of support at the foot due to cutting a railway or road or canal. Clays are particularly liable to slips.
⧪ LEAN CONCRETE BASE (LCB):
A mixture of aggregate, cement and water used directly under the concrete pavement. The mixture has a lower modulus of rupture than the concrete pavement, and a higher compressive strength than cement treated base.
⧪ LEDGE:
A horizontal projection or cut forming a shelf, cliff or rock wall.
⧪ LIME:
Calcium oxide (CaO).
⧪ LIQUID LIMIT:
The moisture content at the point between the liquid and the plastic states of a clay.
⧪ LIQUIDATED DAMAGES:
The amount prescribed in the contract specifications, to be paid to the State (Client) or to be deducted from any payments due or to become due to the Contractor, for each day's delay in completing the whole or any specified portion of the work beyond the time allowed in the contract specifications.
⧪ LLOYD DAVIES FORMULA:
A method for calculating the run-off, from which the sizes of sewers are calculated (Runoff water in cubic feet = 60.5 X area drained in acres X rainfall in inches per hour X impermeability factor).
⧪ LOESS:
Deposit of very porous and cavitated wind-blown silt and clay.
⧪ LONG COLUMN:
A column which fails when overloaded, by buckling rather than by crushing. In reinforced-concrete work, this is assumed to happen when columns which are longer than fifteen times their least dimension.
⧪ LONGITUDINAL JOINT:
A joint normally placed between traffic lanes in rigid pavements to control longitudinal cracking.
⧪ LOSS OF PRESTRESS:
Losses of prestressing force after transfer arise mainly through elastic shortening, shrinkage, and creep of the concrete and creep of the steel.
⧪ LOT:
An isolated quantity of material from a single source.
⧪ LUMINAIRE:
Complete lighting device for the highway.
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