The Ultimate Secret Of ELECTROOSMOTIC CONSOLIDATION OF SOIL

Here are some facts regarding electro osmotic consolidation of soil:

1. Electroosmotic consolidation refers to the consolidation of soft clays with the utilization of electric current.
2. It was assessed and utilized for the very first time by Casagrande.
3. It is intrinsic that fine-grained clay particles with outsized interfacial facade will merge and produce momentous settlement when loaded.
4. The settlement brings forward complications in the field of the foundation engineering.
5. Electroosmosis was initially created as a medium of dewatering fine-grained soils for the strengthening and consolidating of the soft saturated clayey soils.
6. Electroosmotic dewatering primarily includes applying a small electric latent across the sediment level.
7. It is the procedure wherein positively charged ions travel from anode to cathode. That is water transfer from the anode to the cathode where it could be composed and pumped out of the soil
8. Electroosmotic flow is subjected to the nature and quality of soil, water proportion, pH and on ionic type concentration in the pore water.
9. Because of  the applied electric potential, the electrolysis of water happens at the electrodes
10. 2H2O -> O2 (g) + 4H+ +4e- oxidation (anode)
11. 4H2O + 4e- -> 2H2 (g) + 4OH- reduction (cathode)
12. The clay particles consist of a –ve charge. These –ve charge creates an electrostatic surface characteristic which is also known as the double layer which produces a net profusion of cations in pore space.
13. Electroosmotic movement of water through clay is an outcome of diffuse double layer cations in the clay pores being turned towards to a negatively charged electrode or cathode.
14. At the point when electrodes are positioned across a saturated clay mass and direct current is executed, water in the clay pore space is elated at the direction of cathode by electro osmosis.
15. Furthermore, frictional drag is produced by the motion of ions as they move across the clay pores contributing to transport supplementary water.
16. The flow created by the electric gradient is also known as electro osmotic flow.

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Bridges - Acting As Helping Hand To Mankind

Over the last several thousand years, bridges have served one altogether the foremost necessary roles among the development of our earliest civilizations, spreading of knowledge, native and worldwide trade, and additionally the increase of transportation. initially created out of simplest materials and designs, bridges presently evolved and enabled carrying of the wide deck and spanning of huge distances over rivers, gorges, the associate inaccessible piece of land, powerfully elevated surfaces, and pre-built city infrastructures. starting with thirteenth century B.C. Greek Bronze Age, stone arched bridges quickly unfold all around the world, eventually leading to the rise of the use of steel, iron and different materials in bridges which is able to span kilometers.

To be ready to serve varied roles, carry totally different types of weight, and span terrains of various sizes and complexities, bridges can powerfully vary in their look, carrying capability, kind of structural components, the presence of movable sections and construction materials.

Work Breakdown Structure for Heavy Industry Project

Work breakdown structure (WBS) is a bunch of fundamental activities that organize the single hammock activity (also hammock task) into the feasible category. 

The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) illustrates the work breakdown structure as an "output-oriented hierarchic disintegration of the work to be executed by the enterprise unit."

Here is the WBS of Heavy Industry Project

   - PROJECT START
   - GENERAL
   - MILESTONES
   - PROJECT COMPLETION
   - MOBILIZATION
   - PROJECT TIME SCHEDULE
   - DESIGN STAGE
   - PRELIMINARY DESIGN STAGE
           Authorities Approval
           Preliminary Design Report

   - FINAL DETAILED DESIGN   - MATERIALS
   - PROCUREMENT
   - SUBCONTRACTORS
   - SHOP DRAWINGS
   - CONSTRUCTION STAGE
   - INFRASTRUCTURE
   - BULK EARTHWORK
   - ROAD WORK
   - STORMWATER WORK
   - SHALLOW STORMWATER NETWORK
   - DEEP STORMWATER NETWORK
   - SANITARY SEWER WORK
   - GENERAL SANITARY WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
   - CHEMICAL INDUSTRY WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
   - MIXED INDUSTRY WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
   - FOOD INDUSTRY WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
   - TELECOMMUNICATION WORK
   - FRESHWATER WORK
   - HEAVY INDUSTRY PLOT NETWORK

Baseline Schedule for Villa Construction

Baseline Schedule for Curtain Wall Manufacturing & Installation

Baseline Schedule for Home Construction

Baseline Schedule for Spaceframe Structure Manufacturing & Installation

The Baseline schedule will be uploaded soon

Reason of negative float in construction schedule software

If you are using construction scheduling software likewise primavera, MS Project or FastTrack Schedule. You face negative float during scheduling. you will commit that the fact activities with constrained dates affecting on the construction project planning process, however, the method of applying these constraints may cause confusion to the project schedule if we used the imposing tasks to must finish/start by and no later than in baseline project plan.

In terms of constraint in Primavera, it creates the negative float. However before we attempt to make any adjustment to Lags in the schedule, the appropriate suggestion would be that you should recheck all activities & observe why there is a need for it. There might be a reason why it is being used. If the only reason for using Lags is to suppress float, thus making the activity critical, then lags should be removed and it must show the real logic in the schedule.

Remember that:
1) Imperative linking of activities causes artificial negative floats in the schedule if activities are FS (Finish To Start) linked to each other will tend to push the project finish date to an else finish date.
2) The Project Setting "Must Finish By", should be checked if there's a date outpaced.

AMIR RANA, BSC Civil Engineer

Civil Engineer expertise in planning, Project controls & Management for numerous construction projects for reputed clients.

Planned, executed and managed various medium to large size construction projects.
Excellent leadership qualities with high command in communication & interpersonal skills and strong analytical, team building, problem-solving and organizational abilities; proficient in working in a computerized environment.

Skilled in the preparation of project & tender program.

Experienced in the utilization of the Critical Path Method analysis, (Extension of time Claims)EOT and recovery schedules, Progress reports, S-curves, Earned Value Analysis, Claims & Delay Analysis. 

Baseline Schedule For Villa In Primavera P6 (XER)

CONSTRUCTION,PRODUCTION,RATES,EXCEL,CONSTRUCTION,PRODUCTION,RATES-EXCEL

RFX Documents, Know the Difference Between RFI, RFQ and RFP

Do you know! what is RFX?

We were often asked from our readers what is the difference is between a Request for Information (RFI), a Request for Proposal (RFP) and a Request for Quote (RFQ).

These terms are properly used in official documentation.

"RFX" is a term used, to refer to all 'Request For…' documents used to solicit responses, of various types, from suppliers. 

The three common documents are:

Request for Information (RFI)

Request for Proposal (RFP)

Request for Quote (RFQ)

According to our experts the differences between RFQ's, RFI's and RFP's are as follows:

Request for Information (RFI)

An RFI is generally used when the solution to a business problem is not immediately evident or clearly defined. The RFI is used to gather information, NOT to make a selection or an award.

The Supply Chain Management Unit works with the Customer to:

Clearly, describe the problem;

Solicit external expertise regarding how to solve the problem;

Study proposed solutions.

Request for Proposal (RFP)

An RFQ is used when the Customer understands the business problem and what's needed to solve it, including specifications and procedures. Price is usually not the determining factor in the evaluation of an RFP. Factors such as quality, service, and reputation are also taken into consideration.

Request for Quote (RFQ)

An RFQ is generally used to obtain pricing, delivery information, terms and conditions from suppliers. In this case, requestors have a clear understanding of what they need, including requirements and specifications. To procure the exact product or service needed, the Customer provides the Supply Chain Management Unit with as much information as possible, including complete specifications, quantities, and delivery schedule.

The common thread between all three types of "RFX" documents is that the Customer/Government Entity is not obliged to appoint a service provider on the results from issuing any of these requests. The best way to know that a tender award will be made is when you respond to a formal quotation or a competitive bid.
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To learn all you need to know to respond to tenders correctly, and hopefully successfully attend our How-to-Tender workshops. Visit our website to find out more and to register. For more information on the tender courses please email