Baseline Schedule for Spaceframe Structure Manufacturing & Installation

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Reason of negative float in construction schedule software

If you are using construction scheduling software likewise primavera, MS Project or FastTrack Schedule. You face negative float during scheduling. you will commit that the fact activities with constrained dates affecting on the construction project planning process, however, the method of applying these constraints may cause confusion to the project schedule if we used the imposing tasks to must finish/start by and no later than in baseline project plan.

In terms of constraint in Primavera, it creates the negative float. However before we attempt to make any adjustment to Lags in the schedule, the appropriate suggestion would be that you should recheck all activities & observe why there is a need for it. There might be a reason why it is being used. If the only reason for using Lags is to suppress float, thus making the activity critical, then lags should be removed and it must show the real logic in the schedule.

Remember that:
1) Imperative linking of activities causes artificial negative floats in the schedule if activities are FS (Finish To Start) linked to each other will tend to push the project finish date to an else finish date.
2) The Project Setting "Must Finish By", should be checked if there's a date outpaced.

AMIR RANA, BSC Civil Engineer

Civil Engineer expertise in planning, Project controls & Management for numerous construction projects for reputed clients.

Planned, executed and managed various medium to large size construction projects.
Excellent leadership qualities with high command in communication & interpersonal skills and strong analytical, team building, problem-solving and organizational abilities; proficient in working in a computerized environment.

Skilled in the preparation of project & tender program.

Experienced in the utilization of the Critical Path Method analysis, (Extension of time Claims)EOT and recovery schedules, Progress reports, S-curves, Earned Value Analysis, Claims & Delay Analysis. 

Baseline Schedule For Villa In Primavera P6 (XER)

CONSTRUCTION,PRODUCTION,RATES,EXCEL,CONSTRUCTION,PRODUCTION,RATES-EXCEL

RFX Documents, Know the Difference Between RFI, RFQ and RFP

Do you know! what is RFX?

We were often asked from our readers what is the difference is between a Request for Information (RFI), a Request for Proposal (RFP) and a Request for Quote (RFQ).

These terms are properly used in official documentation.

"RFX" is a term used, to refer to all 'Request For…' documents used to solicit responses, of various types, from suppliers. 

The three common documents are:

Request for Information (RFI)

Request for Proposal (RFP)

Request for Quote (RFQ)

According to our experts the differences between RFQ's, RFI's and RFP's are as follows:

Request for Information (RFI)

An RFI is generally used when the solution to a business problem is not immediately evident or clearly defined. The RFI is used to gather information, NOT to make a selection or an award.

The Supply Chain Management Unit works with the Customer to:

Clearly, describe the problem;

Solicit external expertise regarding how to solve the problem;

Study proposed solutions.

Request for Proposal (RFP)

An RFQ is used when the Customer understands the business problem and what's needed to solve it, including specifications and procedures. Price is usually not the determining factor in the evaluation of an RFP. Factors such as quality, service, and reputation are also taken into consideration.

Request for Quote (RFQ)

An RFQ is generally used to obtain pricing, delivery information, terms and conditions from suppliers. In this case, requestors have a clear understanding of what they need, including requirements and specifications. To procure the exact product or service needed, the Customer provides the Supply Chain Management Unit with as much information as possible, including complete specifications, quantities, and delivery schedule.

The common thread between all three types of "RFX" documents is that the Customer/Government Entity is not obliged to appoint a service provider on the results from issuing any of these requests. The best way to know that a tender award will be made is when you respond to a formal quotation or a competitive bid.
difference between a baseline schedule and a current schedule
master schedule vs baseline schedule
what is the baseline schedule when should it be changed
scope baseline
how to develop baseline schedule
what is baseline
preliminary baseline schedule
schedule baseline purpose
To learn all you need to know to respond to tenders correctly, and hopefully successfully attend our How-to-Tender workshops. Visit our website to find out more and to register. For more information on the tender courses please email

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For Special Olympics World Games we require

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How an idea save my life and lead to six figure passive income.

It was the cold night of December, taking rest after a long office workload. Completing all my official responsibilities, feeling happy with a fake smile. After an hour of useless rest with open eyes seek discomfort and closed mind. With the decision to do something to entertain. Opened my laptop played some of old school trance tracks of my collection. As the beat of trance drops, I lost my control over the mind, found myself in deep thoughts. feeling more alone, less responsible and careless about the future.

Thought it was just a flashing memory regarding my secured future. The track ends, open the google chrome and start searching some entertainment things which keep me busy and be less stressful. with the waste of three hours with no suitable option available to work on or get entertained. Suddenly a flashing Adsense advertisement shows up. That advertisement's AI (Artificial Advertisement) just track my last three hours search activity.
I was shocked at how possible is that for Google to do the accurate result what I need. I feel so excited & curious too.

All I know that the AI have found the best result for me to get entertained. there are two advertisements on the display. One was a top recommend suggestion. Guess what it should be?

Yeah, that was Game Of Thrones.  But due to the low time schedule,  skipped my choice for Jhon Snow. The second advertisement was that top trending game of the year. PUBG. All I know and heard from one of my colleagues that PUBG is a shooting game having the best graphics, & we can also play it online with other players.

I start dragging my mouse toward the advertisement. as the mouse pointer keeps going close toward the advertisement my heartbeat goes slow & found my self again in deep thought.
Asking myself how foolish am i. Still wasting my time on the internet & should sleep now.

Any why clicking on the Adsense advertisement on top of the chrome tab I see a revolving circle which was showing a new link opening in the new tab. After five seconds there wasn't PUBG's option to play. that was the redirecting link which takes me to a google blog with a minimum post. That blog provides services to learn how to earn online & make money. 

I was shocked at how it is possible for someone to earn money online without any stress and at home. that was the double entertainment in one ticket for me,
my curiosity for that online earning leads me to dig more information from Google.

Time to play cards, investing some of the time to help myself to learn something new.
I start learning to blog. Now at that time, I keep writing articles to keep my mind healthy & fresh.
Right Now I am writing an article for you to keep yourself motivated & keep typing for your future.
To assist myself in writing, downloaded a free Chrome extension Grammarly, which tracks my activity of English writing, suggest be better phrases and also correct my spellings. as well as check my grammar also. 

Best Practices For DURABILITY OF CONCRETE

What I learn from the concrete durability at American Concrete Institute (ACI) seminar. The durability itself act as a resistance to the weathering activities, different chemical attack, scratch, and other dilapidation processes and activities.

The term durability is the capacity to keep going quite a while without huge disintegration. A solid material helps the earth by saving assets and decreasing squanders and the natural effects of repair and substitution. Development and decimation squander add to strong waste going to landfills. The creation of new building materials exhausts normal assets and can deliver air and water contamination The plan benefit life of most structures is frequently 30 years, in spite of the fact that structures regularly last 50 to 100 years or more. Most concrete and stonework structures are wrecked because of outdated nature instead of crumbling. A solid shell can be left set up if a building uses or capacity changes or when a building inside is redesigned. Concrete, as a basic material and as the building outside the skin, can withstand nature’s ordinary falling apart instruments and also common calamities.

The durability of cement might be characterized as the capacity of cement to oppose weathering activity, compound assault, and scraped area while keeping up its coveted designing properties. Distinctive cement requires diverse degrees of durability relying upon the presentation environment and properties wanted. For instance, concrete presented to tidal seawater will have diverse prerequisites than an indoor solid floor. Solid fixings, their proportioning, cooperation between them, putting and curing practical, and service environment decide a definitive durability and life of cement.

Seawater Exposure:

Different types of concrete have been used in seawater exposures for a long time with brilliant performance. Nevertheless, proper care in the mixture design and selection of materials is essential for these strict environments. A formation open to the elements of seawater or spray of seawater is most susceptible in the tidal or splash zone where there are regular processes of wetting, drying, freezing and thawing. Sulfates and chlorides in brine need the usage of low permeability solid to lessen steel decay and sulfate attack. Cement defiant to sulfate contact is useful. Appropriate concrete cover over strengthen steel should be given, and the water and cement ratio cannot cross over 0.40.

Chloride Resistance and Steel Corrosion:

Chloride contained in plain solid that does not have steel is for the most part, not a durability concern. Concrete shields implanted steel from consumption through its very antacid nature. The high pH environment in cement (typically more noteworthy than 12.5) causes a detached and noncorroding defensive oxide film to the frame on steel. In any case, the availability of chloride particles from deicers or seawater can annihilate or enter the film. Once the chloride erosion edge is achieved, an electric cell is framed along the steel or between steel bars and the electrochemical procedure of remains starts.

The resistance of cement to chloride is great; be that as it may, for extreme situations, for example, connect decks, it can be increment by utilizing a low water-cementitious proportion (around 0.40), no less than seven days of clammy curing, and supplementary cementitious materials, for example, silica smoke, to diminish penetrability. Expanding the solid cover over the steel additionally backs off the relocation of chlorides. Different strategies for lessening steel erosion incorporate the utilization of consumption repressing admixtures, epoxy-covered strengthening steel, surface medicines, concrete overlays, and cathodic security.

Imperviousness to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR):

ASR is a broad response between receptive types of silica in totals and potassium and sodium antacids, generally from the bond, additionally from totals, pozzolans, admixtures, and blending water. The reactivity is conceivably unsafe just when it produces a huge extension. Signs of the nearness of soluble base total reactivity might be a system of splits, shut or spalling joints, or development of parts of a structure. ASR can be controlled through legitimate total determination and additionally the utilization of supplementary cementitious materials, (for example, fly slag debris or slag bond) or mixed concretes demonstrated by testing to control the response.

Abrasion Resistance: Cement is impervious to the grating effects of standard climate. Cases of serious scraped spot and disintegration are particles in quickly moving water, gliding ice, or territories where steel studs are permitted on tires. Scraped area resistance is specifically identified with the quality of the solid. For ranges with the serious scraped area, thinks about demonstrate that solid with compressive qualities of 12,000 to 19,000 psi function admirably.

How does Concrete Crack? 

Concrete, like many other materials, will get smaller to some extent when it dries out. A normal reduction is about 1/16th of the inch in a 10-foot length of solid. The cause contractors lay joints in concrete pavement and ground are to let the concrete to break in a neat, straight line at the joint, where solid cracks due to reduction are anticipated to occur. Control or construction joints are kept in concrete walls and other formations.

Resistance to Sulfate Attack:

Over the top measures of sulfates in soil or water can assault and obliterate a solid that is not intricately planned. Sulfates (for instance calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate) can assault concrete by responding with hydrated mixes in the solidified bond glue. These responses can actuate adequate weight to bring about breaking down of the solid.

Like common rocks, for example, limestone, permeable cement (for the most part with a high water-cementitious proportion) is defenseless to weathering created by salt crystallization. Cases of salts known to bring about weathering of cement incorporate sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate.

Sulfate assault and salt crystallization are more extreme at areas where the solid is presented to wetting and drying cycles, than constantly wet cycles. For the best protection against outside sulfate assault, plain concrete with a low water to cementations material proportion (around 0.40) and utilize bonds exceptionally detailed for sulfate situations.

Unnecessary measures of sulfates in soil or water can assault and decimate a solid that is not appropriately composed. Sulfates (for instance calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate) can assault concrete by responding with hydrated mixes in the solidified bond glue. These responses can prompt adequate weight to bring about crumbling of the solid.

Like regular shake, for example, limestone, permeable cement (by and large with a high water-cementitious proportion) is defenseless to weathering created by salt crystallization. Cases of salts known to bring about weathering of cement incorporate sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate.

Sulfate assault and salt crystallization are more extreme at areas where the solid is presented to wetting and drying cycles, than consistently wet cycles. For the best barrier against outer sulfate assault, plain concrete with a low water to the cementitious material proportion (around 0.40) and utilize bonds uniquely detailed for sulfate situations.

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Energy Audits for Buildings

The energy crisis currently overcomes the world has driven us to the plan of new energy productive structures. However, the current structures expend a extensive measure of routine energy and lessen them will help us to save them for the future. Also, it would help us to meet the Energy Efficiency measures.

The capital expenses for this change would be high, however, bring down energy charges over a drawn-out region of time would counterbalance them and achieve huge benefits for the business and also the earth. Energy review includes the precise gathering and investigation of energy information from a specific office for actualizing energy protection measures.

An energy review sets up both where and how energy is being utilized, and the potential for energy reserve funds. It incorporates a stroll through the overview, a survey of energy utilizing frameworks, examination of energy utilization and the readiness of an energy spending plan, and gives a pattern from which energy utilization can be thought about after some time. A review can be directed by a worker of the association who has the fitting aptitude, or by a pro-energy-inspecting firm.

According to the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, Energy Audit is explained as “the verification, monitoring, and analysis of the use of energy including submission of the technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost-benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption”.

Types of energy audits

Energy examining of structures can run from a short stroll through of the office to a point by point PC recreation of the investigation. For the most part, there are four sorts of energy reviews which are as depicted underneath.

1. Walkthrough Audit

This comprises of a short nearby visit for the examination of the office. By this, straightforward economical moves can be made for prompt energy funds. This comprises of repairing broken glass windows, bringing down the preset temperatures of HVAC frameworks as per utility, conforming the evaporator air-fuel proportions. This is normally an upkeep strategy done intermittently to enhance the productivity of energy frameworks.

2. Utility Cost Analysis

In this kind of review, we painstakingly dissect the working expense of the office. The information acquired over a drawn-out stretch of time energy charges, top requests, energy utilize designs, and climate impacts are distinguished. This helps us to set up a connection between cost and utility. Generally, this progression incorporates,

Checking utility charges and guaranteeing that no mix-ups are made in figuring the month to month energy bills. This is imperative on the grounds that the energy rate structures for modern offices can be very unpredictable.

Assurance of the prevailing charges in the energy bills is another piece of this examination. Top requests take-up a noteworthy share of the power utilization cost. Hence to shave off the pinnacle request supplemental energy measures can be suggested.

Checking whether the office can profit by option fills which are more practical than the common ones. This will make noteworthy decreases in energy bills. Also, the energy evaluator can figure out if or not the facility for energy retrofit extends by dissecting the utility information. In reality, the energy utilization of the office can be standardized and contrasted with files (for example, the energy utilized per unit of floor zone for business structures — or per unit of an item for mechanical offices).

3. Standard Energy Audit

The standard audit gives a complete examination of the energy frameworks of the office. Notwithstanding the exercises portrayed for the walkthrough audit and the utility cost examination depicted over, the standard energy review incorporates the advancement of a pattern for the energy utilization of the office and the assessment of the energy investment funds and the cost adequacy of fittingly chose energy preservation measures. The well-ordered approach of the standard energy audit is like that of the point by point energy review, which is depicted in the accompanying subsection.

Commonly, rearranged instruments are utilized as a part of the standard energy review to create gauge energy models and to anticipate the energy reserve funds of energy preservation measures. Among these devices are degree-day techniques, and direct relapse models. Furthermore, a basic payback examination is, for the most part, performed to decide the cost-viability of energy protection measures.

4. Point by point Energy Audit

This is the most far-reaching but also tedious energy audit sort. In particular, the point by point energy reviews incorporates the utilization of instruments to quantify energy use for the entire building as well as for some energy frameworks inside the working (for example, by end utilizes: lighting, office hardware, fans, chiller, and so on.). What’s more, advanced PC reproduction projects are regularly utilized for point by point energy reviews to assess and suggest energy retrofits for the office. The methods accessible to perform estimations for an energy review are assorted. Amid an on-location visit, hand-held and brace on instruments can be utilized to decide the fluctuation of some building parameters, for example, the indoor air temperature, the luminance level, and the electrical energy utilized. At the point when long-haul estimations are required, sensors are normally utilized and are associated with an information obtaining framework so measured information can be put away and be remotely open. As of late, no nosy load observing (NILM) systems have been proposed. The NILM procedure can decide the continuous energy utilization of the critical electrical loads in an office by utilizing just a solitary arrangement of sensors at the office benefit entrance. The insignificant exertion connected with utilizing the NILM method contrasted with the customary multi metering approach (which requires a different arrangement of sensors to screen energy utilization for every end utilize) makes the NILM an extremely appealing and reasonable load-observing strategy for energy benefit organizations and office proprietors. The PC reproduction programs utilized as a part of the nitty gritty energy audit commonly give the energy utilize dispersion by load sort (i.e., energy use for lighting, fans, chillers, boilers, and so on.). They are regularly in view of element warm execution of the building energy frameworks and for the most part, require an abnormal state of designing aptitude and preparing.

In this type of energy audit, more thorough cost-effective assessment of the energy conservation techniques is generally undertaken. Particularly, the cost-effectiveness of energy retrofits may be decided depending on the life-cycle cost (LCC) investigation rather than the simple payback period analysis

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Learn calculation for ultimate bearing capacity of piles based on the principles of soil mechanics.

Calculation for the ultimate bearing capacity of piles based on the principles of soil mechanics.

The materials for the pile construction can be precisely specified, and their fabrication and installation can be controlled to conform to strict specification and code of practice requirements, the calculation of their bearing capacity is a complex matter which at the present time is based on theoretical concepts but mainly on methods based on experience.

The site area of supporting the foundation is exposed & inspection to be carried out by the pile contractors & consultants with the team of soil lab???. Samples should be taken from multiple locations to ensure that its bearing characteristics confirm the results of exploratory boreholes and soil tests.

FDT Test & the constructional techniques are used limited to a depth of only a few centimeters below the excavation level for a spread foundation. Virtually the whole mass of soil influenced by the bearing pressure remains undisturbed and unaffected by the constructional operations.

Safety factor against the general shear failure of the spread foundation and its settlement under the design working load can be predicted from physical characteristics of the undisturbed soil which depends on the complexity of the soil stratification.

The bearing capacity of the piled foundation is quite different. The soil strata or rock bed beneath the toe of a pile is compressed or loosened to an extent which affects its end-bearing resistance. Changes take place in the certain environmental conditions at the pile-soil interface over periods of days, months or years which affect the skin-friction resistance of a pile. These changes are due to the dissipation of excess pore pressure set up by installing the pile, to the relative effects of friction and cohesion which depend on the relative pile-to-soil movement and to chemical or electrochemical effects caused by the hardening of the concrete or the corrosion of the steel in contact with the soil.

Piles that are installed in groups to carry heavy foundation loads, the operation of driving or drilling for adjacent piles can cause changes in the bearing capacity and load/settlement characteristics of the piles.

The general pile construction procedure simple empirical factors are applied to the strength, density and compressibility properties of the undisturbed soil or rock. The various factors which can be used depend on the particular method of installation and are based on experience and on the results of field loading tests.

The basics of the soil mechanics subject are to calculate the bearing capacity of piles.

Pile Construction Tips

The total resistance of the pile to compression loads is the sum of two components, namely shaft friction, and base resistance. A pile in which the shaft-frictional component predominates is known as a friction pile while a pile bearing on a rock or some other hard incompressible material is known as an end-bearing pile.

The need for adopting an adequate safety factor with calculations to determine that we may never be able to estimate axial pile capacity in many soil types more accurately than about 30%’. However, even if it is possible to make a reliable estimate of total pile resistance, a further difficulty arises in predicting the problems involved in installing the piles to the calculated depths by the Structural Engineer.

In the case of driven and cast-in-place piles, the ability to drive the piling tube to the required depth and then to extract it within the pulling capacity of the piling rig must be correctly predicted. say, 20 m to carry safely a certain working load, but quite another problem to decide on the energy of the hammer required to drive the pile to this depth, and yet another problem to decide whether or not the pile will be irredeemably shattered while driving it to the required depth.

Conditions under the environmental changes with time affect the importance in calculating the bearing capacity of the pile in clay; the effects also include the rate of applying a load to a pile and the time interval between installing and testing a pile. The shaft-frictional resistance of a pile in clay loaded very slowly may only be one-half of that which is measured under the rate at which load is normally applied during a pile loading test.

The slow rate of loading may correspond to that of a building under construction, yet the ability of a pile to carry its load is judged on its behavior under a comparatively rapid loading test made only a few days after installation. Because of the importance of such time effects both in fine- and coarse-grained soils the only practicable way of determining the load-carrying capacity of a piled foundation is to confirm the design calculations by short-term tests on isolated single piles, and then to allow in the safety factor for any reduction in the carrying capacity with time.

The effects of grouping piles can be taken into account by considering the pile group to act as a block foundation, as described in ARTICLE LINK!!!!!!.

Quick Tips Regarding History Of Piles

Function of piles

Piles are columnar elements in a foundation which have the function of transferring load from the superstructure through weakly compressible strata or through water, onto stiffer or more compact and less compressible soils or onto the rock. They may be required to carry uplift loads when used to support tall structures subjected to overturning forces from winds or waves. Piles used in marine structures are subjected to lateral loads from the impact of berthing ships and from waves. Combinations of vertical and horizontal loads are carried where piles are used to support retaining walls, bridge piers and abutments, and machinery foundations.

Historical

The driving of bearing piles to support structures is one of the earliest examples of the art and science of a civil engineer. In Britain, there are numerous examples of timber piling in bridge works and riverside settlements constructed by the Romans. In medieval times, piles of oak and alder wood were used in the foundations of the great monasteries constructed in the fenlands of East Anglia. In China, timber piling was used by the bridge builders of the Han Dynasty (200 BC to AD 200). The carrying capacity of timber piles is limited by the girth of the natural timbers and the ability of the material to withstand driving by hammer without suffering damage due to splitting or splintering. Thus primitive rules must have been established in the earliest days of piling by which the allowable load on a pile was determined from its resistance to driving by a hammer of known weight and with a known height of the drop. Knowledge was also accumulated regarding the durability of piles of different species of wood, and measures taken to prevent decay by charring the timber or by building masonry rafts on pile heads cut off below water level.

Timber, because of its strength combined with lightness, durability, and ease of cutting and handling remained the only material used for piling until comparatively recent times. It was replaced by concrete and steel only because these newer materials could be fabricated into units that were capable of sustaining compressive, bending and tensile forces far beyond the capacity of a timber pile of like dimensions. Concrete, in particular, was adaptable to in-situ forms of construction which facilitated the installation of piled foundations in drilled holes in situations where noise, vibration, and ground have had to be avoided.

Reinforced concrete, which was developed as a structural medium in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, largely replaced timber for high-capacity piling for works on land. It could be precast in various structural forms to suit the imposed loading and ground conditions, and its durability was satisfactory for most soil and immersion conditions. The partial replacement of driven precast concrete piles by numerous forms of cast in-situ piles has been due more to the development of highly efficient machines for drilling pile bore-holes of large diameter and great depth in a wide range of soil and rock conditions, than to any deficiency in the performance of the precast concrete element.

Steel has been used to an increasing extent for piling due to its ease of fabrication and handling and its ability to withstand hard driving. Problems of corrosion in marine structures have been overcome by the introduction of durable coatings and cathodic protection.