Living in the 21st-century number of complicated and erratic structure and designed to endure the Earthquake, Wind and needs to analyze, design the structure by the various engineering software like ETABS, STAAD.Pro, TEKLA and to design the structure in this project we used the ETABS software due to company recommendation and to find stress analysis in slab, shear force for the beam and area reinforcement for the column and design the foundation depends upon the reaction and height of the foundation level depends upon site and safe bearing capacity of the soil due to stability purpose-designed the retaining wall in this project.
Keywords: Stress analysis, IS 875, Shear force, Bending moment, Deflection, Compression members.
Preface of Engineering Software!
Marvelous structures & Landmarks are designed to resist the earthquake, wind load and stable the structure. Due to damage in the structure, it causes loss of peoples and venerability to the high rise buildings. To check the strength stiffness and resistance the displacement of the building by proper designs and detail. Extensile of the building is capable to design the proper gravity loads and depends on the design of the building, the analysis, the design is done by using the engineering software called E-TABS. ETABS is 3D structural software. ETABS is the abbreviation of "Extended 3D Analysis of Building System. Hence revisions are done depend upon the provisions and the result given by the analysis. Staad always gives higher demand for steel reinforcement. Also after proving the credibility of ETABS by manual calculations. Once correctly define materials in ETABS, and the necessary steps taken in the modeling process and discussed below.
The objective of Analysis Tools & Software
To perform the analysis and design of the structure without any type of failures.
1. To understand the basic principles of structures by using Standard Codes
2. To understand the parameters of the design for beams, columns, slabs and other structural components.
3. To prepare the 3D model of the structure by using the E-TABS Software for detailed analysis and design.
4. To produce good structural work for performing analysis and design for a residential & any other kind of building.
Loads and Combination Formula
As per the limit state design of reinforced concrete structures and pre-stressed concrete structures, the following load combination has been taken:
1. 1.5(D.L+L.L)
2. 1.2(D.L+L.L±Ex)
3. 1.2(D/L+L.L±Ey)
4. 1.5(D.L±Ex)
5. 1.5(D.L±Ey)
6. 0.9D.l±1.5Ex
7. 0.9D.L±1.5Ey
For Example
The live load was taken as 2 KN/m2 since the analysis and design are being done for the residential building as per IS Code and as there is no need of giving Dead load in E-TABS which is an advantageous thing. Wall load for 9 inches is given as 12.42 KN/m2 and for inner walls 6.21 KN/m2. Floor finish was given as 0.8 KN/m2.
Material properties of the structure
A grade of concrete for the slab, beam, column: M20
Column Sizes = 230X350 mm
Beam Size = 230X350 mm
Slab thickness = 150 mm
Number of Stories = 5
Height = 3 meters and plinth height = 1.5 meters
Live Load on slab = 2 kN/sq.m. and Dead load on slab = 1.5 kN/sq.m.
Architectural plan
The plan was taken from the architecture in Lahore and been analyzed and designed by the software package E-TABS.
In fig 1 it shows the center line diagram of the building which is considered for analysis in ETABS.
Figure 1 Centre line diagram of the building
Methodology/Procedure
Step# 1: Initial setup of Standard Codes and Country codes
Step# 2: Creation of Grid points & Generation of structure
After getting opened with ETABS we select a new model and a window appears where we had entered the grid dimensions and story dimensions of our building.
Step# 3: Define the Property
Here we had first defined the material property by selecting define menu material properties. We add new material for our structural components (beams, columns, slabs) by giving the specified details in defining. After that, we define section size by selecting frame sections as shown below & added the required section for beams, columns etc.
Step# 4: Assign Property
After defining the property we draw the structural components using the command menu. Draw a line for the beam for beams and create columns in the region for columns by which property assigning is completed for beams and columns.
Step# 5: Assign Supports
By keeping the selection at the base of the structure and selecting all the columns we assigned supports by going to assign menu joint\frame Restraints (supports) fixed.
Step# 6: Defining Loads
In ETABS all the load considerations are first defined and then assigned. The loads in ETABS are defined as using static load cases command in define menu.
Step# 7: Assign Dead Loads
After defining all the loads. Dead loads are assigned for external walls, internal walls in the stand but in E-TABS automatically taken care by the software i.e., inbuilt
Step# 8: Assign Live loads
Live loads are assigned for the entire structure including floor finishing.
Step# 9: Assign wind loads
Wind loads are defined and assigned as per IS 875 1987 PART 3 by giving wind speed and wind angle. But since this is a G+3 Residential Building having a total height less than 12 meters there is no need of assigning of wind loads or earthquake loads.
Step# 10: Assign Seismic loads
Seismic loads are defined and assigned as per IS 1893: 2002 by giving zone, soil type, and response reduction factor in X and Y directions. But since this is a G+3 Residential Building having a total height less than 12 meters there is no need of assigning Seismic loads.
Step# 11: Assign load combinations
Using load combinations command in define menu 1.5 times of dead load and live load will be taken as mentioned in above.
Step# 12: Final Analysis
After the completion of all the above steps, we have performed the analysis and checked for errors.
Step# 13: Ready To Design
After the completion of the analysis, we had performed concrete design on the structure as per IS 456:2000. ETABS performs the designs for every structural element.
Figure 2 Model in ETABS
By using the centerline diagram the grid system is given by X and Y coordinates and spacing method of the grid system is adapted for convenient of the user.
Results of Example Structure’s Analysis
Shear Force for the analysis part
Shear and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point of a structural element such as a beam.
Figure 3 Shear force diagram for the structure
The bending moment diagram indicates the bending moment resisted by the beam.
Figure 4 Bending moment diagram for the structure
For the area of longitudinal reinforcement, go to design menu in ETABS, concrete frame design and start design check.
Figure 5 Longitudinal reinforcement of the structure
Outcome of Analysis
Courtesy:
We are thankfull to
K. Naga Sai Gopal
B.Tech Student, Civil Engg. Department, K L University, AP, India.
N. Lingeshwaran
Assistant Professor Civil Engg. Department, K L University, AP, India.
AP, India.
To make that research publication Possible.
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